Open Social Directory

Open Web Glossary

A dictionary of 60 key terms used across the open social web.

Term

ActivityPub

An open, decentralized social networking protocol defined by the W3C. It provides a client-to-server API for creating, updating...

Term

AI Scraping

The practice of tech platforms using user-generated content—often without explicit consent—to train their large language and im...

Term

AI Slop

A colloquial term for low-quality, mass-produced digital content—such as synthetic articles, deepfake videos, and automated ima...

Term

Algorithmic Feed

A timeline dictated by a proprietary, opaque algorithm designed to maximize engagement for the platform, often at the expense o...

Term

Antennas

A feature heavily used on federated platforms like Sharkey and Misskey that allows users to set up automated, persistent search...

Term

ASMR

Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response. A sensory experience characterized by a relaxing, static-like or tingling sensation on th...

Term

AT Protocol

The Authenticated Transfer Protocol. A decentralized social networking standard created by Bluesky PBC for large-scale, high-pe...

Term

ATmosphere

The AT Protocol equivalent of the Fediverse. It refers to the interconnected network of servers, services, and users communicat...

Term

ATproto

An abbreviation and common shorthand for the AT Protocol (Authenticated Transfer Protocol). Powered by W3C Decentralized Identi...

Term

Bitcoin Lightning Network

A Layer-2 payment protocol built on top of the Bitcoin blockchain that enables fast, scalable, and near-zero-fee microtransacti...

Term

Bluesky

A popular decentralized social networking platform built on the open-source AT Protocol. Bluesky features self-sovereign user i...

Term

Bridgy Fed

An open-source bridge service that enables cross-protocol communication between different decentralized networks. It allows acc...

Term

Chronological Timeline

A content feed display model that orders posts strictly by publication time, showing the newest updates first. Unlike algorithm...

Term

CMS

Content Management System. Software used to create, manage, and publish digital content on the web (such as Ghost or WordPress)...

Term

Dark Social

A term describing social sharing that occurs outside of public channels, such as within private group chats, emails, direct mes...

Term

Data Portability

The ability of users to copy, transfer, or move their personal data (such as subscriber lists, content archives, or social grap...

Term

Decentralized Identifier (DID)

A W3C standard for globally unique, persistent, and verifiable digital identifiers that do not require a centralized registrati...

Term

Defederation

The act of an instance administrator severing connections with another specific instance. This is typically done to protect use...

Term

Deplatforming

The sudden removal or suspension of a user or business from a centralized network, severing them from their audience. In a fede...

Term

Digital Products

Intangible goods published and distributed electronically, including eBooks, software licenses, design assets, online courses, ...

Term

Digital Replica

A digital clone of a person's voice, likeness, or face generated by AI. It represents a major privacy concern when corporate pl...

Term

Digital Sharecropping

A term coined by Nicholas Carr describing the practice of building a business, brand, or audience on a centralized platform tha...

Term

Dual-Protocol Broadcasting

The simultaneous distribution of content across both federated social protocols (like ActivityPub) and direct email protocols (...

Term

End-to-End Encryption (E2EE)

A cryptographic communication standard where only the communicating users can decrypt and read messages. Neither server adminis...

Term

Enshittification

A term coined by Cory Doctorow describing the pattern of Platform Decay. It refers to the process where platforms start by bein...

Term

Federation

The process by which multiple independent servers communicate and share data with one another. Unlike centralized platforms, fe...

Term

Fediverse

A portmanteau of 'federation' and 'universe'. It refers to the ensemble of federated servers that are used for web publishing a...

Term

Glaze

A tool developed by researchers that adds an invisible protective 'cloak' to artwork, disrupting the ability of AI models to tr...

Term

IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force. The open, international standards organization that defines and maintains core internet protoc...

Term

IndieWeb

A people-focused alternative to the corporate web. The IndieWeb is a community of individual creators and developers building t...

Term

Instance

An independent server running open social software (like Mastodon or Lemmy). Each instance is managed by its own administrators...

Term

Lightning Wallet

A software application or digital wallet designed to store, send, and receive fractional Bitcoin instantly via the Bitcoin Ligh...

Term

LOLA

Live Online Portability. An emerging data portability specification incubated within the W3C Social Web Working Group designed ...

Term

Matrix Bridge

A gateway service built on the Matrix protocol that bi-directionally syncs chat channels between Matrix rooms and external mess...

Term

Matrix Protocol

An open standard and communication protocol for real-time, decentralized, and end-to-end encrypted chat, VoIP, and community me...

Term

Merchant of Record (MoR)

A legal entity authorized and responsible for processing customer payments, handling sales tax calculation, remitting internati...

Term

Monetization

The process of generating revenue from digital content, software, subscriptions, or audience engagement. On the open web, monet...

Term

Multi-Protocol Client

A specialized application (such as OpenVibe or Nootti) capable of connecting to multiple distinct open social protocols simulta...

Term

Nightshade

A tool developed by researchers that acts as a 'poison' to generative AI models. It alters the pixels in an image so that if an...

Term

Nostr

Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays. An open protocol that uses cryptographic keys and a decentralized network of relay...

Term

Olm and Megolm Cryptographic Ratchets

The double-ratchet cryptographic protocols created by the Matrix.org Foundation to provide End-to-End Encryption (E2EE) for 1-t...

Term

Open Web Client

A third-party application or user interface designed to interact with open, federated social protocols (like ActivityPub or AT ...

Term

Ozone Labeler

An open-source moderation service framework developed for the AT Protocol ecosystem. Ozone allows independent communities, orga...

Term

PDS

Personal Data Server. In the AT Protocol ecosystem, your PDS holds all your account data, posts, and likes. You can move your P...

Term

Platform Decay

Also known as enshittification (a term coined by Cory Doctorow). The observable pattern where centralized platforms initially s...

Term

POSSE

Publish on Own Site, Syndicate Elsewhere. An IndieWeb design pattern where content is published on a creator's own domain first...

Term

Profile Collections

A feature introduced in Mastodon 4.6 that enables creators to organize and pin curated lists of profiles, top posts, and evergr...

Term

Relay

A server in the Nostr network that simply accepts, stores, and sends messages. Unlike an ActivityPub instance, relays do not ha...

Term

RSS

Really Simple Syndication. A standardized web feed format that allows users and content aggregators to automatically receive up...

Term

Rust

A systems programming language focused on memory safety, concurrency, and high performance without a garbage collector. Widely ...

Term

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. The foundational, open internet protocol defined by the IETF for broadcasting and delivering ele...

Term

Social Graph

The mapping of relations between individuals, accounts, and groups on a social network. In centralized networks, the platform o...

Term

Social Web Working Group

A formal W3C Working Group chartered to update and maintain ActivityPub, Activity Streams, WebSub, and related specifications, ...

Term

Transactional Email

Automated, protocol-level email delivery infrastructure (using SMTP, DKIM, and SPF) that powers server-to-inbox messaging, user...

Term

TypeScript

A strongly typed programming language developed by Microsoft that builds on JavaScript by adding static type definitions. Widel...

Term

Value Added Tax (VAT)

A consumption tax levied on goods and services at each stage of the supply chain, widely implemented internationally (such as E...

Term

W3C

World Wide Web Consortium. The primary international standards organization for the World Wide Web, founded by Tim Berners-Lee....

Term

Walled Garden

A closed, centralized platform where the provider has total control over the ecosystem. It restricts users from easily exportin...

Term

WebFinger

A protocol used by the Fediverse to discover information about people or entities on the web. It's the technology that allows a...

Term

Zaps

Micro-payments sent instantly between users on open social protocols (most prominently Nostr) using the Bitcoin Lightning Netwo...